Process	Cold isostatic pressing - CIP
	Cold isostatic pressing applies pressure from multiple directions for achieving greater uniformity of compaction (high-quality parts) and increased shape capability, compared to uniaxial pressing. There are two methods of carrying out isostatic pressing. In wet-bag isostatic pressing, powder is encased in a rubber sheath that is immersed in a liquid which transmits the pressure uniformly to the powder. In dry-bag isostatic pressing, rather than immerse the tooling in a fluid, the tooling itself is built with internal channels into which high-pressure fluid is pumped.
Category	Mass conserving processes, Powder technology
Materials	Ceramics Metal powders Cermet
Competing processes	Hot isostatic pressing - HIP Other pressing methods
References	Modern Ceramic Engineer
Additional info	The wet-bag version has cycles of minutes or tens of minutes (much more than uniaxial pressing). Tooling for the dry-bag version are costly and difficult to build, but once designed and automated the process provides 15-25 cycles/min.
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